BBN3402 P. B. KOMPUTER MINGGU 10 (SITI ZAHIRIAH)

BBN3402 MINGGU 10 

SITI ZAHIRIAH BINTI RASHID

197689

GARLIC BREAD

You won’t find me turning my nose up at even the most unreconstructed, baguette-bound garlic bread, but I happen to be particularly besotted with this version, made cross-culturally, with small, puffy-tummied, spindle-tipped Indian breads to form almost gondola-shaped individual loaves for greedy people.

            The stipulation of unsalted butter followed by the addition of salt is not as mad as it seems: unsalted butter just has a better taste; and nothing gives a more desirable saltiness than Maldon sea salt (and no, I am not on the payroll) or another sea salt.

3/4 cup unsalted butter                                                       sprinkling of Maldon or other sea salt

4 cloves garlic, minced, preferably by microplane          2 Barbari nans or other small bread loaves

Mix the butter and garlic with some salt  you can do this in the food processor if that helps----- and slash the Barbari nans at angles; about 4 cuts per little loaf should be about right. Spread the butter generously into the cuts you have made, then wrap the nans in foil and put them on a baking sheet.

            When you are ready---- and you can sit them thus prepared for hours if you want-----preheat the oven to 400°¬ F, and cook the foil-wrapped breads for about 15 minutes, then open the foil loosely and let the breads crisp up a bit on the top for about 5 minutes before you take them out of the oven.

            Give each person their own, semi-unwrapped loaf, still in its foil. Children, who seem to love both garlic bread and individually portioned food (sharing not being a strong point with them) tend to be mad about these------ or mine are (at time of going to press at least).

            Serves 2.

ROTI BAWANG PUTIH

Anda tidak akan mendapati saya menghidupkan hidung saya walaupun roti bawang putih yang paling tidak dibungkus, baguette, tetapi saya kebiasaannya bersesuaian dengan versi ini, dibuat bersilang kultur, dengan roti India yang kecil, bengkak-bungkil, berputar-putar untuk membentuk roti individu berbentuk gondola untuk orang tamak.

            Penggunaan mentega tanpa garam tambahan yang diikuti dengan penambahan garam kelihatan tidak begitu janggal: mentega tanpa garam tambahan mempunyai rasa yang lebih baik; dan tidak ada yang memberikan rasa masam yang lebih baik daripada garam laut Maldon (dan tidak, saya tidak di senarai gaji) atau garam laut lain.

3/4 cawan mentega tanpa garam tambahan                             Maldon atau garam laut lain

4 ulas bawang putih, sebaik-baiknya dicincang                      2 Barbari nans atau roti roti kecil lain

Campurkan mentega dan bawang putih dengan beberapa cubit garam yang boleh anda lakukan dalam pemprosesan makanan jika itu membantu ----- dan bahagikan Barbari nans pada sudut; kira-kira 4 potong setiap roti kecil sepatutnya betul. Sapukan mentega dengan murah hati kepada potongan yang telah anda buat, kemudian balutkan nans dalam foil dan letakkan di atas lembaran penaik.

Apabila anda sudah siap ---- dan anda boleh duduk bersiap sedia selama sejam jika anda mahu ----- panaskan ketuhar hingga 400° F, dan masak roti yang dibungkus foil selama kira-kira 15 minit, kemudian buka foil longgar dan biarkan roti segar sedikit di atas selama kira-kira 5 minit sebelum anda mengeluarkannya dari oven.

Beri setiap orang roti mereka sendiri, separuh yang masih kosong, masih dalam kerajangnya. Kanak-kanak, yang suka suka roti bawang putih dan makanan secara berasingan (berkongsi tidak menjadi titik kuat dengan mereka) akan membuatkan mereka marah tentang ini - atau saya adalah (pada masa akan menekan sekurang-kurangnya).

Penyediaan ke 2.

TERJEMAHAN KERANGKA TEORI (THEORY FRAMEWORKS TRANSLATION)

BROWN & YULE THEORY OF THE ANALYSIS (1983)

Brown & Yule (1983) has listed four elements of discourse. The elements include pre-assumptions, implications, references and inferences. Brown & Yule (1983) also stated that discourse can be analysed through text, writing, speech and interaction studies.

Pre-assumptions

Predictions are pragmatic. These assumptions have been selected based on assumptions and assumptions about what the listener can expect without any obstacles.

Implications

Implicit is the view or the possibility. The suggestions or meanings of the speakers / writers are different from what they say. Concepts are conventional applications. Speakers / authors do not state that certain images are due to other features.

References

Speakers negotiate using appropriate expressions and combine them with negotiation expressions. Referrals are something that someone does using expressions.

Inference

The inference indicates an attempt to draw conclusions. In addition, inference describes words or relationships between words. Various assumptions have been made in several assumptions and conclusions.

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY BY STUBBS (1983)

Stubbs's theory (1983) focuses on the linguistic discourse.

1. The linguistic approach to discourse

2. Predictability

3. Phonetic

4. Grammar

5. Intuition of discourse arrangement

6. Predictability

7. Predictability and idealization

8. Structure control means

9. Canonical discourse and idealization

10. Analogy

11. Conclusion

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY (VANDIJK, 1977)

Macro Structure

The global meaning of an observable text

From the topic / theme of a text

Superstructure

The outline of a text such as the introduction,

Contents, conclusions and conclusions

Micro Structure

The local meaning of an observable text

Instead of the choice of words, sentences and styles used in a text

                            Figure 1: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by vanDijk (1977)

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY BY FAIRCLOUGH (1995)

Theory of Critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1995)

Textual Analysis                 Practical Discourse Analysis           Social Practical Analysis

Grammar                             Inter-technical                                   Economy

• Themes                            • Pre-assumption                              Education

Lexical                                 • Metawacana                                   Political

• Metaphor                        • Disclaimer

• Narratives

Cohesion                              Inter-discussion

•  Repetition                        • Narrative

•   Conjunctions                  • Debate

                                              • Expository

                                              • Expressive

Figure 2: Critical Discourse Analysis Theory by Fairclough (1995)

Tannen's (1987) principles of decency in discourse are as follows:

1. Formal expressions (positive and negative images)

2. Communication strategies

3. Strategic choices (directness and indirectness)

4. Silence (metamessage)

STRATEGY OF COURTESY BY BROWN & LEVINSON (1987)

STRATEGY OF COURTESY
Bald on-record Example: Ready! Listen here… Give me that big basket. The light is in green colour. Come in. Enjoy the meal.	Positive courtesy Example: you seems unhappy. May I help you? May I borrow hundred dollars? I’ll follow you to the hospital, if you don’t mind.
Negative courtesy Maybe he is the one who taken that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If that, no instruction needed even a bit? Throw away empty bottles are not allowed.	Off-record Wow, this room is very cold. The price of shoes here very expensive. Your dress is nice

Figure 3 : Strategy of Decency by Brown & Levinson (1987)

Johnstone (2002) said that the discourse approaches are divided into several sections.

1.    Words and lines

2.    Paragraphs and episodes

3.    Schematic discourse and narrative structure

4.    Conversations arrangement

5.    Sentences organization

6.    Cohesion

7.    Structures and rules

NORMALIZA ABD RAHIM (2018B) DISCOURSE ANALYSIS APPROACHES

Discourse Analysis Approaches (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-ASSUMPTIONS 1.    Intuition 2.    Contexts ·         Acceptance / disclaimer ·         Requirements ·         References ·         Anaphor ·         Repetition ·         Ambiguity ·         Affirmation	EMOTIONS 1.    Positive 2.    Negative 3.    Mixed emotions ·         Temperament ·         Personality ·         Mood ·         Motivation	VALUES AND CULTURES 1.    Self 2.    Community 3.    Custom ·         Honest, sincere, kind-hearted, love, hardworking, thanksgiving, simplicity ·         Self-reliance, high self-esteem, courage, physical and mental hygiene, decency ·         Respect, teamwork, community spiritual ·         Justice, freedom, rationality	LANGUAGES 1.    First / second / third languages 2.    Formal / informal 3.    Language errors 4.    Linguistics	INFERENCES 1.    Overall summary 2.    Discussion topic summary 3.    Closing words

Figure 4: Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b) Discourse Analysis Approaches

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Contents 1.    Theme	Contexts 1.    Grammar 2.    Background 3.    Emotion	Assumptions 1.    Opinions 2.    References 3.    Questions

Figure 5: Discourse Analysis Theory